Sure! Here’s a  that help in clinical decision-making, along with their purpose and what they indicate:

1. Serum Creatinine

• Purpose: Measures creatinine level in blood.

• Indicates: Kidney filtration function; high values suggest impaired kidney function.

2. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)

• Purpose: Calculated from serum creatinine, age, sex, race.

• Indicates: Overall kidney function; lower eGFR means worse kidney function.

• Used for: CKD staging and monitoring progression.

3. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

• Purpose: Measures urea level in blood.

• Indicates: Kidney function and hydration status.

• Note: Can be elevated in dehydration or high protein intake, not just kidney disease.

4. Urinalysis (Routine Urine Test)

• Purpose: Examines urine for protein, blood, glucose, sediments, cells.

• Indicates: Signs of infection, inflammation, glomerular disease, or other abnormalities.

5. Urine Albumin (Spot Urine or 24-hour collection)

• Purpose: Detects albuminuria, early kidney damage.

• Indicates: Early kidney disease, especially in diabetes or hypertension.

6. Urine Creatinine (Spot Urine or 24-hour collection)

• Purpose: Measures creatinine in urine.

• Indicates: Used to normalize albumin or protein excretion; also evaluates muscle mass indirectly.

7. Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR)

• Purpose: Detects abnormal albumin excretion normalized to creatinine.

• Indicates: Early kidney damage; preferred for screening diabetic nephropathy.

8. Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio (PCR)

• Purpose: Measures total protein excretion normalized to creatinine.

• Indicates: Degree of proteinuria, important for glomerular diseases.

9. 24-hour Urine Protein/Albumin Collection

• Purpose: Quantifies total protein/albumin excretion.

• Indicates: More accurate measurement of proteinuria than spot tests.

10. Renal Ultrasound

• Purpose: Imaging to check kidney size, shape, obstruction.

• Indicates: Structural abnormalities, obstruction, chronic damage.

11. Serum Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, HCO3)

• Purpose: Measures blood electrolytes.

• Indicates: Kidney’s ability to regulate electrolyte balance and acid-base status.

12. Urine Microscopy

• Purpose: Microscopic examination of urine sediment.

• Indicates: Presence of red blood cells, white blood cells, casts, crystals suggesting specific diseases.

13. Cystatin C

• Purpose: Blood marker of kidney function independent of muscle mass.

• Indicates: Alternative to creatinine for estimating GFR.

Additional specialized tests (if needed):

• Kidney biopsy: For diagnosing specific glomerular or interstitial diseases.

• Serology: Autoimmune markers (ANA, ANCA, complement) if vasculitis or lupus suspected.

• Imaging: CT scan or MRI if structural abnormalities or masses suspected.

Summary flow for clinical decision: