FULL BEGINNER COURSE (Practical + Easy)

This roadmap is divided into 10 lessons.
Today we’ll start with Lesson 1.

🎓 LESSON 1: What is Arduino & How It Works

✅ 1. What is Arduino?

Arduino is a small programmable computer that can:

• Read from sensors

• Control motors

• Make decisions

• Automate tasks

• Build robots

Think of it as the brain of a robot.

✅ 2. Why Arduino?

Because it is:

• Easy to learn

• Cheap

• Has huge community support

• Works perfectly for robotics & IoT

✅ 3. Main Parts of Arduino Uno

The board has:

• Digital pins (0–13) → for ON/OFF things

• Analog pins (A0–A5) → read sensor values

• Power pins (5V, 3.3V, GND)

• USB port → connect to laptop

• Microcontroller (ATmega328P) → the brain

• Reset button

✅ 4. What you need to start

You only need:

• Arduino Uno

• USB cable

• A LED

• A 220Ω resistor

• Your computer

• Arduino IDE software

Don’t worry — we'll start with the simplest possible project.

🎓 LESSON 2: Install Arduino IDE

Step 1: Download IDE

Go to:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/software

Download Arduino IDE 2.x (latest).

Step 2: Install it

Just click Next → Next → Finish.

Step 3: Connect Arduino

• Plug the USB cable from kit into Arduino

• Connect to your laptop

• You will see lights blinking on Arduino

🎓 LESSON 3: Your First Program (BLINK LED)

This is the “Hello World” of Arduino.

✔ Code:

void setup() {
  pinMode(13, OUTPUT); // pin 13 → OUTPUT
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(13, HIGH); // turn ON
  delay(1000);            // wait 1 sec
  digitalWrite(13, LOW);  // turn OFF
  delay(1000);
}

✔ What this does

• Turns ON LED on pin 13 for 1 second

• Turns OFF for 1 second

• Repeats forever

Pin 13 has an inbuilt LED, so you don’t need to connect anything yet.

🎓 LESSON 4: Wiring an External LED

Tomorrow we’ll do:

• How to put LED on breadboard

• How to connect the resistor

• How to modify the code

• Troubleshooting if LED doesn’t glow

🧠 Where do we write the logic?
✔ Arduino IDE = Software

🧩 How the whole flow works
1. You write logic in Arduino IDE
int led = 13;
void setup() {
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn ON
delay(1000); // wait 1 sec
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn OFF
delay(1000);
}

the Arduino keeps executing the logic.

🔄 Why kit includes hardware only?
body = sensors, motors, wires, etc.
You provide the brain using your code.

You write your logic (code) in Arduino IDE on your laptop/PC.
You write code → click Upload → it goes into Arduino board.
Example (very simple logic):
This is written in the IDE (a software program).
Using the USB cable that comes with the kit.
You press Upload → the code goes directly into the Arduino chip.
Even if you unplug from laptop and run on battery,
Because brain = Arduino + your code,
So the kit gives you only the body.