Sure! Here's a clear explanation of Python Syntax and Semantics:

1. Python Syntax

Syntax is the set of rules that defines the structure of Python code — how you must write your code so that the Python interpreter can understand it.

• It’s like grammar in a language.

• Syntax errors occur when the code violates these rules, causing the program to fail before running.

Examples of Python Syntax Rules:

• Indentation matters: Blocks of code inside loops, functions, conditionals must be indented consistently.

  if x > 0:
      print("Positive")
  else:
      print("Non-positive")
  

• Statements end by newline: Unlike some languages, Python does not require a semicolon ; at the end of a line (though you can use it to separate multiple statements on one line).

• Variable assignment:

  a = 10
  

• Function definition syntax:

  def greet(name):
      print("Hello, " + name)
  

• Comments start with #:

  # This is a comment
  

If you miss or break these rules, Python raises a SyntaxError.

2. Python Semantics

Semantics refers to the meaning behind the code — what the code does or means when executed.

• Semantics is about behavior and logic.

• Even if code is syntactically correct, semantic errors can occur if the logic is wrong or the program does something unexpected.

Examples of Python Semantics:

• When you write a = 10, it means "assign the integer value 10 to the variable a."

• If you write:

  print(5 / 0)
  

  The syntax is correct, but it will cause a runtime error (ZeroDivisionError) because dividing by zero is undefined — this is a semantic problem.

• The meaning of an expression like x + y depends on the types of x and y. If they are numbers, it means addition; if they are strings, it means concatenation.

Summary